Exemplo de barra de navegação responsiva em CSS puro

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>CodePen - Navbar Pure CSS</title>
  <link rel='stylesheet' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/css/all.min.css'><link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css">

</head>
<body>

<div id="nav-bar">
  <input id="nav-toggle" type="checkbox"/>
  <div id="nav-header"><a id="nav-title" href="https://codepen.io" target="_blank">C<i class="fab fa-codepen"></i>DEPEN</a>
    <label for="nav-toggle"><span id="nav-toggle-burger"></span></label>
    <hr/>
  </div>
  <div id="nav-content">
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-palette"></i><span>Your Work</span></div>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-images"></i><span>Assets</span></div>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-thumbtack"></i><span>Pinned Items</span></div>
    <hr/>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-heart"></i><span>Following</span></div>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-chart-line"></i><span>Trending</span></div>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-fire"></i><span>Challenges</span></div>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-magic"></i><span>Spark</span></div>
    <hr/>
    <div class="nav-button"><i class="fas fa-gem"></i><span>Codepen Pro</span></div>
    <div id="nav-content-highlight"></div>
  </div>
  <input id="nav-footer-toggle" type="checkbox"/>
  <div id="nav-footer">
    <div id="nav-footer-heading">
      <div id="nav-footer-avatar"><img src="https://gravatar.com/avatar/4474ca42d303761c2901fa819c4f2547"/></div>
      <div id="nav-footer-titlebox"><a id="nav-footer-title" href="https://codepen.io/uahnbu/pens/public" target="_blank">uahnbu</a><span id="nav-footer-subtitle">Admin</span></div>
      <label for="nav-footer-toggle"><i class="fas fa-caret-up"></i></label>
    </div>
    <div id="nav-footer-content">
      <Lorem>ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.</Lorem>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

  
</body>
</html>

CSS

:root {
  --background: #9c88ff;
  --navbar-width: 256px;
  --navbar-width-min: 80px;
  --navbar-dark-primary: #18283b;
  --navbar-dark-secondary: #2c3e50;
  --navbar-light-primary: #f5f6fa;
  --navbar-light-secondary: #8392a5;
}

html, body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--background);
}

#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header {
  width: calc(var(--navbar-width-min) - 16px);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-content, #nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-footer {
  width: var(--navbar-width-min);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header #nav-title {
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.1s;
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header label[for=nav-toggle] {
  left: calc(50% - 8px);
  transform: translate(-50%);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header #nav-toggle-burger {
  background: var(--navbar-light-primary);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header #nav-toggle-burger:before, #nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-header #nav-toggle-burger::after {
  width: 16px;
  background: var(--navbar-light-secondary);
  transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-content .nav-button span {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.1s;
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-content .nav-button .fas {
  min-width: calc(100% - 16px);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-footer #nav-footer-avatar {
  margin-left: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%);
}
#nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-footer #nav-footer-titlebox, #nav-toggle:checked ~ #nav-footer label[for=nav-footer-toggle] {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.1s;
  pointer-events: none;
}

#nav-bar {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1vw;
  top: 1vw;
  height: calc(100% - 2vw);
  background: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
  border-radius: 16px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  color: var(--navbar-light-primary);
  font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Tahoma, sans-serif;
  overflow: hidden;
  user-select: none;
}
#nav-bar hr {
  margin: 0;
  position: relative;
  left: 16px;
  width: calc(100% - 32px);
  border: none;
  border-top: solid 1px var(--navbar-dark-secondary);
}
#nav-bar a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: inherit;
}
#nav-bar input[type=checkbox] {
  display: none;
}

#nav-header {
  position: relative;
  width: var(--navbar-width);
  left: 16px;
  width: calc(var(--navbar-width) - 16px);
  min-height: 80px;
  background: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
  border-radius: 16px;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  transition: width 0.2s;
}
#nav-header hr {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
}

#nav-title {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  transition: opacity 1s;
}

label[for=nav-toggle] {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  width: 3rem;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
}

#nav-toggle-burger {
  position: relative;
  width: 16px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
  border-radius: 99px;
  transition: background 0.2s;
}
#nav-toggle-burger:before, #nav-toggle-burger:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: -6px;
  width: 10px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--navbar-light-primary);
  border-radius: 99px;
  transform: translate(2px, 8px) rotate(30deg);
  transition: 0.2s;
}
#nav-toggle-burger:after {
  top: 6px;
  transform: translate(2px, -8px) rotate(-30deg);
}

#nav-content {
  margin: -16px 0;
  padding: 16px 0;
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
  width: var(--navbar-width);
  background: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 16px var(--navbar-dark-primary);
  direction: rtl;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  transition: width 0.2s;
}
#nav-content::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
}
#nav-content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  border-radius: 99px;
  background-color: #D62929;
}
#nav-content::-webkit-scrollbar-button {
  height: 16px;
}

#nav-content-highlight {
  position: absolute;
  left: 16px;
  top: -70px;
  width: calc(100% - 16px);
  height: 54px;
  background: var(--background);
  background-attachment: fixed;
  border-radius: 16px 0 0 16px;
  transition: top 0.2s;
}
#nav-content-highlight:before, #nav-content-highlight:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 100%;
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 16px 16px var(--background);
}
#nav-content-highlight:after {
  top: 100%;
  box-shadow: 16px -16px var(--background);
}

.nav-button {
  position: relative;
  margin-left: 16px;
  height: 54px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--navbar-light-secondary);
  direction: ltr;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 1;
  transition: color 0.2s;
}
.nav-button span {
  transition: opacity 1s;
}
.nav-button .fas {
  transition: min-width 0.2s;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(1):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(1):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 16px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(2):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(2):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 70px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(3):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(3):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 124px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(4):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(4):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 178px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(5):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(5):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 232px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(6):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(6):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 286px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(7):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(7):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 340px;
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(8):hover {
  color: var(--navbar-dark-primary);
}
.nav-button:nth-of-type(8):hover ~ #nav-content-highlight {
  top: 394px;
}

#nav-bar .fas {
  min-width: 3rem;
  text-align: center;
}

#nav-footer {
  position: relative;
  width: var(--navbar-width);
  height: 54px;
  background: var(--navbar-dark-secondary);
  border-radius: 16px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  z-index: 2;
  transition: width 0.2s, height 0.2s;
}

#nav-footer-heading {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 54px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

#nav-footer-avatar {
  position: relative;
  margin: 11px 0 11px 16px;
  left: 0;
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  overflow: hidden;
  transform: translate(0);
  transition: 0.2s;
}
#nav-footer-avatar img {
  height: 100%;
}

#nav-footer-titlebox {
  position: relative;
  margin-left: 16px;
  width: 10px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  transition: opacity 1s;
}

#nav-footer-subtitle {
  color: var(--navbar-light-secondary);
  font-size: 0.6rem;
}

#nav-toggle:not(:checked) ~ #nav-footer-toggle:checked + #nav-footer {
  height: 30%;
  min-height: 54px;
}
#nav-toggle:not(:checked) ~ #nav-footer-toggle:checked + #nav-footer label[for=nav-footer-toggle] {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

label[for=nav-footer-toggle] {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  width: 3rem;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.2s, opacity 0.2s;
}

#nav-footer-content {
  margin: 0 16px 16px 16px;
  border-top: solid 1px var(--navbar-light-secondary);
  padding: 16px 0;
  color: var(--navbar-light-secondary);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  overflow: auto;
}
#nav-footer-content::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
}
#nav-footer-content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  border-radius: 99px;
  background-color: #D62929;
}

Exemplo de barra de navegação responsiva em CSS puro

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